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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Softwarestack</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Als <b>Softwarestack</b> (etwa „Softwarestapel“) oder <b>Solution-Stack</b> bzw. <b>Lösungsstack</b> (etwa „Lösungsstapel“), oft kurz als <b>Stack</b> bezeichnet, bezeichnet man eine Reihe von aufeinander aufbauenden <a href="Softwarekomponente" title="Softwarekomponente">Softwarekomponenten</a>, die gemeinsam eine <a href="Plattform_(Computer)" title="Plattform (Computer)">Plattform</a> bilden.
</p><p>Ein Stack setzt sich hierbei zusammen aus dem <a href="Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem">Betriebssystem</a>, dem <a href="Webserver" title="Webserver">Webserver</a> und der <a href="Laufzeitumgebung" title="Laufzeitumgebung">Laufzeitumgebung</a>, der <a href="Programmiersprache" title="Programmiersprache">Programmiersprache</a>, den Programmierwerkzeugen (z. B. <a href="Integrierte_Entwicklungsumgebung" title="Integrierte Entwicklungsumgebung">IDE</a> und <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">Compiler</a>), der Lösung für die <a href="Persistenz_(Informatik)" title="Persistenz (Informatik)">Datenpersistenz</a> (z. B. <a href="Datenbank" title="Datenbank">Datenbank</a>), sowie <a href="Framework" title="Framework">Frameworks</a>, <a href="Programmbibliothek" title="Programmbibliothek">Bibliotheken</a> und <a href="Schnittstelle_(Objektorientierung)" title="Schnittstelle (Objektorientierung)">Schnittstellen</a>. Häufig eingesetzte Stacks werden oft mit einer Abkürzung bezeichnet.
</p><p>Unter <b>Full Stack</b> wird die Gesamtheit all jener Stacks bezeichnet. Der Begriff wird hauptsächlich zur Beschreibung eines <a href="Softwareentwickler" title="Softwareentwickler">Softwareentwickler</a>-<a href="Generalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalist">Generalisten</a> <i>(Full Stack Developer)</i> benutzt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiele">Beispiele</h2></div>
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<caption>Häufige Stacks und assoziierte Technologien
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Abkürzung
</th>
<th>Betriebssystem
</th>
<th>Webserver
</th>
<th>Laufzeitumgebung
</th>
<th>Datenpersistenz
</th>
<th>Programmiersprache
</th>
<th>IDE
</th>
<th>Sonstiges
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="LAMP_(Softwarepaket)" title="LAMP (Softwarepaket)">LAMP</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Perl_(Programmiersprache)" title="Perl (Programmiersprache)">Perl</a>, <a href="PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> oder <a href="Python_(Programmiersprache)" title="Python (Programmiersprache)">Python</a>
</td>
<td><a href="MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> oder <a href="MariaDB" title="MariaDB">MariaDB</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Perl_(Programmiersprache)" title="Perl (Programmiersprache)">Perl</a>, <a href="PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> oder <a href="Python_(Programmiersprache)" title="Python (Programmiersprache)">Python</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>LAPP
</td>
<td>Linux
</td>
<td>Apache
</td>
<td>Perl, PHP oder Python
</td>
<td><a href="PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a>
</td>
<td>Perl, PHP oder Python
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>LNMP/LEMP
</td>
<td>Linux
</td>
<td><a href="Nginx" title="Nginx">Nginx</a>
</td>
<td>Perl, PHP oder Python
</td>
<td>MySQL, <a href="MariaDB" title="MariaDB">MariaDB</a>
</td>
<td>Perl, PHP oder Python
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>LLMP
</td>
<td>Linux
</td>
<td><a href="Lighttpd" title="Lighttpd">Lighttpd</a>
</td>
<td>Perl, PHP oder Python
</td>
<td>MySQL oder MariaDB
</td>
<td>Perl, PHP oder Python
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>LYME
</td>
<td>Linux
</td>
<td>Yaws
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Mnesia" title="Mnesia">Mnesia</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Erlang_(Programmiersprache)" title="Erlang (Programmiersprache)">Erlang</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>LYCE
</td>
<td>Linux
</td>
<td>Yaws
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="CouchDB" title="CouchDB">CouchDB</a>
</td>
<td>Erlang
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>GLASS
</td>
<td>Linux
</td>
<td>Apache
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>GemStone
</td>
<td><a href="Smalltalk_(Programmiersprache)" title="Smalltalk (Programmiersprache)">Smalltalk</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Seaside
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>LEAP
</td>
<td>Linux
</td>
<td><a href="Eucalyptus_(Software)" title="Eucalyptus (Software)">Eucalyptus</a>, AppScale
</td>
<td>Python
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Python
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="XAMPP" title="XAMPP">XAMPP</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Apache
</td>
<td>PHP, Perl oder Python
</td>
<td>MySQL oder MariaDB
</td>
<td>PHP, Perl oder Python
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>MAMP
</td>
<td><a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>
</td>
<td>Apache
</td>
<td>PHP, Perl oder Python
</td>
<td>MySQL oder MariaDB
</td>
<td>PHP, Perl oder Python
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>WAMP
</td>
<td>Windows
</td>
<td>Apache
</td>
<td>PHP, Perl oder Python
</td>
<td>MySQL oder MariaDB
</td>
<td>PHP, Perl oder Python
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>NMP
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Nginx
</td>
<td>PHP
</td>
<td>MySQL oder MariaDB
</td>
<td>PHP
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="WIMP_(Web-Plattform)" title="WIMP (Web-Plattform)">WIMP</a>
</td>
<td>Windows
</td>
<td><a href="Internet_Information_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Information Services">IIS</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>MySQL oder MariaDB
</td>
<td>PHP, Perl, Python
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>WISA
</td>
<td><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="Windows_Server_2019" title="Windows Server 2019">Windows Server</a>
</td>
<td>IIS
</td>
<td><a href=".NET_(Oberbegriff)" title=".NET (Oberbegriff)">.NET</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">SQL Server</a>
</td>
<td><a href="C-Sharp" title="C-Sharp">C#</a>, <a href="F-Sharp" title="F-Sharp">F#</a>, <a href="VB.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="VB.NET">VB.NET</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a>
</td>
<td><a href="ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>WINS
</td>
<td>Windows, Windows Server
</td>
<td>IIS
</td>
<td>.NET
</td>
<td>SQL Server
</td>
<td>C#, F#, VB.NET
</td>
<td>Visual Studio
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>OpenACS
</td>
<td><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> oder <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>
</td>
<td><a href="AOLserver" title="AOLserver">AOLserver</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a> oder <a href="Oracle_(Datenbanksystem)" title="Oracle (Datenbanksystem)">Oracle</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a>, OpenACS
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>MEAN
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Webbrowser" title="Webbrowser">Browser</a>
</td>
<td><a href="MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a>
</td>
<td><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, <a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a> oder <a href="Dart_(Programmiersprache)" title="Dart (Programmiersprache)">Dart</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Angular" title="Angular">Angular</a>, <a href="Express.js" title="Express.js">Express.js</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>MERN
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Node.js
</td>
<td>Browser
</td>
<td>MongoDB
</td>
<td>JavaScript, TypeScript oder Dart
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="React.js" class="mw-redirect" title="React.js">React.js</a>, Express.js
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>SNAKEOIL
</td>
<td><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> oder <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Flask" title="Flask">Flask</a> (Jinja2 und Werkzeug)
</td>
<td><a href="Python_(Programmiersprache)" title="Python (Programmiersprache)">Python</a>
</td>
<td><a href="MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Python_(Programmiersprache)" title="Python (Programmiersprache)">Python</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Docker_(Software)" title="Docker (Software)">Docker (Software)</a>,
<p>Traefik (<a href="Reverse_Proxy" title="Reverse Proxy">Reverse Proxy</a>)
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>SMACK
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Apache Mesos
</td>
<td><a href="Java_Virtual_Machine" title="Java Virtual Machine">JVM</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a> + <a href="Apache_Spark" title="Apache Spark">Apache Spark</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Java_(Programmiersprache)" title="Java (Programmiersprache)">Java</a>
</td>
<td><a href="IntelliJ_IDEA" title="IntelliJ IDEA">IntelliJ IDEA</a>, <a href="Eclipse_(IDE)" title="Eclipse (IDE)">Eclipse</a>, <a href="NetBeans_IDE" title="NetBeans IDE">NetBeans</a>
</td>
<td>Akka, <a href="Apache_Kafka" title="Apache Kafka">Apache Kafka</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>XRX
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Browser
</td>
<td><a href="XML-Datenbank" title="XML-Datenbank">XML-Datenbank</a> (<a href="BaseX" title="BaseX">BaseX</a>, <a href="EXist_(Datenbank)" title="EXist (Datenbank)">eXist</a>, <a href="MarkLogic" title="MarkLogic">MarkLogic</a> Server)
</td>
<td><a href="XML" class="mw-redirect" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="XHTML" class="mw-redirect" title="XHTML">xHTML</a>, <a href="XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a>, <a href="XSL_Transformation" title="XSL Transformation">XSLT</a>, <a href="XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Representational_State_Transfer" title="Representational State Transfer">REST</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>BCHS<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td><a href="Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a> (<a href="OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a>)
</td>
<td>Open BSD httpd
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="SQLite" title="SQLite">SQLite</a>
</td>
<td><a href="C_(Programmiersprache)" title="C (Programmiersprache)">C</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>JAM<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Browser
</td>
<td><a href="Representational_State_Transfer" title="Representational State Transfer">REST</a>-<a href="Programmierschnittstelle" title="Programmierschnittstelle"><b>A</b>PI</a>
</td>
<td><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript"><b>J</b>avaScript</a>, <a href="Markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Markup"><b>M</b>arkup</a> (<a href="Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</a>, <a href="Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a>)
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Android
</td>
<td><a href="Android_(Betriebssystem)" title="Android (Betriebssystem)">Android</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Android_Runtime" title="Android Runtime">Android Runtime</a> (ART)
</td>
<td>SQLite
</td>
<td><a href="Java_(Programmiersprache)" title="Java (Programmiersprache)">Java</a>, <a href="Kotlin_(Programmiersprache)" title="Kotlin (Programmiersprache)">Kotlin</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Android_Studio" title="Android Studio">Android Studio</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Android_SDK" class="mw-redirect" title="Android SDK">Android SDK</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Apple
</td>
<td>macOS, <a href="IOS_(Betriebssystem)" title="IOS (Betriebssystem)">iOS</a>
</td>
<td>macOS
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a>, <a href="Swift_(Programmiersprache)" title="Swift (Programmiersprache)">Swift</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Xamarin" title="Xamarin">Xamarin</a>
</td>
<td>Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, <a href="Android_(Betriebssystem)" title="Android (Betriebssystem)">Android</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Mono_(Software)" title="Mono (Software)">Mono</a>, .NET
</td>
<td>SQLite
</td>
<td>C#, F#
</td>
<td>Visual Studio, <a href="MonoDevelop" title="MonoDevelop">MonoDevelop</a>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PhoneGap" class="mw-redirect" title="PhoneGap">PhoneGap</a>
</td>
<td>iOS, Android, Windows
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Apache_Cordova" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Cordova">Apache Cordova</a>
</td>
<td>SQLite
</td>
<td><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, HTML, <a href="Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href=".Net-Framework" title=".Net-Framework">.Net-Framework</a>
</td>
<td>Windows, <a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure</a>
</td>
<td>IIS
</td>
<td>.NET
</td>
<td>SQL Server; alle <a href="Relationale_Datenbank" title="Relationale Datenbank">relationalen</a> und <a href="NoSQL" title="NoSQL">nicht-relationalen</a> Datenbanken
</td>
<td>C#, F#, VB.NET
</td>
<td>Visual Studio
</td>
<td><a href="ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a>, <a href="WinForms" class="mw-redirect" title="WinForms">WinForms</a>, <a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">WPF</a>, <a href="Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">UWP</a>, <a href="Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">WCF</a>, <a href="Windows_Workflow_Foundation" title="Windows Workflow Foundation">WF</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href=".NET_(Plattform)" title=".NET (Plattform)">.NET Core</a>/.NET
</td>
<td>Windows, macOS, Linux, Azure
</td>
<td>IIS, Apache, Nginx
</td>
<td><a href=".NET_Core" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Core">.NET Core</a>
</td>
<td>SQL Server; alle relationalen und nicht-relationalen Datenbanken
</td>
<td>C#, F#, VB.NET
</td>
<td>Visual Studio
</td>
<td><a href="ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>SAFE
</td>
<td>Azure
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>.NET Core
</td>
<td>SQL Server; alle relationalen und nicht-relationalen Datenbanken
</td>
<td>F#
</td>
<td>Visual Studio
</td>
<td>Suave, Fable, Elmish
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informatik-aktuell.de/entwicklung/methoden/how-to-tech-stack-technologieauswahl-fuer-langlebige-projekte.html">Heuristiken zur Wahl des Software-Stacks</a> Thomas Ruhroth & Kai Schmidt: How to Tech-Stack: Technologieauswahl für langlebige Projekte, in: <a href="Informatik_Aktuell_(Magazin)" title="Informatik Aktuell (Magazin)">Informatik Aktuell</a>, 9. Januar 2024</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerweekly.com/de/definition/Software-Stack">Software-Stack</a> in: Computerweekly</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learnbchs.org/">learnbchs.org</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamstack.org/">jamstack.org</a></span>
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